SAP Sports One - Detailed Review
Sports Tools
SAP Sports One - Product Overview
Introduction to SAP Sports One
SAP Sports One is a cloud-based solution developed specifically for the sports industry, particularly focusing on team sports like football, rugby, basketball, and more. Here’s a breakdown of its primary function, target audience, and key features:Primary Function
SAP Sports One is designed to streamline and optimize sports performance management by integrating various aspects of a sports club or team into a single, unified platform. This includes managing athlete data, training plans, player fitness, match analyses, and scouting activities. The platform aims to provide real-time insights to help teams make data-driven decisions and improve overall performance.Target Audience
The primary target audience for SAP Sports One includes sports clubs, associations, and teams. This encompasses coaches, team managers, physiotherapists, medical staff, and other administrative personnel involved in managing and optimizing team performance. The solution is beneficial for both professional and amateur teams looking to enhance their management and performance capabilities.Key Features
Team Management
SAP Sports One offers a module for team managers to oversee general management information, scouting, coaching overviews, match and training schedules, and more. This module centralizes all necessary information about players and the team.Training Planning
The platform enables more efficient planning, execution, and follow-up of training sessions. All training processes and evaluations are made available centrally to players and coaches.Player Fitness
This module is tailored for physiotherapists and medical staff, providing them with all health data at a glance. It helps in working specifically on players’ fitness to enhance performance.Performance Insights
SAP Sports One allows teams to prepare for upcoming opponents more effectively, evaluate game and training situations quickly, and adapt winning strategies. It provides powerful analytical insights for performance optimization.Scouting
The scouting module helps teams find talent faster by providing profiles of active players and game analyses. This facilitates better talent identification and development.Match Analysis
The platform integrates advanced match analysis capabilities, including AI-powered tools that analyze game footage, provide tactical insights, and allow for quick retrieval of specific video clips using natural language queries. This feature is particularly enhanced through the collaboration with AWS, leveraging generative AI to streamline match analysis.Data Integration
SAP Sports One integrates data from various sources, including historical information, daily updated sensor data from training, and data from wearable devices. This comprehensive data integration is powered by the SAP HANA platform, allowing for real-time data analysis and processing. By consolidating all these features into one platform, SAP Sports One helps sports teams and clubs to manage their operations more efficiently, reduce injuries, and make informed decisions to improve overall performance. SAP Sports One - User Interface and Experience
User Interface of SAP Sports One
The user interface of SAP Sports One is crafted to be intuitive, user-friendly, and highly customizable, ensuring that it meets the diverse needs of various stakeholders in a sports organization.Layout and Dashboard
The interface features a personalized dashboard that allows users to see what matters most to them. This includes base drag-and-drop widgets for easy customization, enabling users to display player stats, training plans, and upcoming matches in a way that is most relevant to their role.Menu and Navigation
The main menu serves as the central hub, organizing features by role (coach, athlete, etc.), making it easy for users to find what they need without getting lost in irrelevant options. The search bar is another key feature, allowing users to quickly find specific information by simply typing it in. Additionally, breadcrumbs help users track their path through the menu, making it easy to return to previous screens.Icons and Shortcuts
The interface uses intuitive icons to guide users. For example, the stopwatch icon leads to training plans, and the trophy icon leads to match analysis. Keyboard shortcuts are also available, enabling power users to navigate even faster.Customization
Users can personalize the interface to suit their preferences. This includes arranging menus, customizing dashboards, and creating shortcuts for favorite features. The help button is always available for resolving any confusion or unlocking hidden features.Role-Based Access
SAP Sports One ensures that each user sees only the information and tools relevant to their role. For instance, a coach will have a different interface compared to a physiotherapist, each receiving the information most important to their job functions.Real-Time Data and Feedback
The platform provides real-time data and feedback on training sessions and performance metrics, allowing for immediate adjustments and coaching interventions. This real-time capability is supported by SAP HANA, which enables data analysis and processing to occur in real time.Mobile Access
The SAP Sports One mobile app allows users to access team information and communicate on the go, ensuring that everyone stays connected and informed even when not at their desks.Conclusion
Overall, the user interface of SAP Sports One is designed to be clean, focused, and highly intuitive, making it easy for users to manage and optimize various aspects of sports team operations without requiring extensive technical knowledge. The platform’s ability to present data in a clear and relevant manner enhances the overall user experience, facilitating data-driven decisions and improving team performance. SAP Sports One - Key Features and Functionality
SAP Sports One Overview
SAP Sports One is a comprehensive sports management platform that integrates various aspects of team management, training, and analytics, leveraging advanced AI technologies to enhance performance and decision-making in football and other team sports. Here are the key features and functionalities of SAP Sports One:
Integrated Sports Management
SAP Sports One consolidates team management, training, scouting, match analysis, and player fitness monitoring into a single platform. This integration allows clubs and associations to manage information and data about their athletes in a structured and centralized manner.
AI-Powered Match Analysis
The platform uses generative AI services provided by AWS to revolutionize match analysis. Analysts can quickly access specific moments from extensive game footage using simple text queries, such as “Show me all counter-attack shots.” This feature enables coaches and analysts to gain enhanced tactical insights with remarkable speed and efficiency.
Intuitive Dashboards
The system features user-friendly dashboards that provide a comprehensive view of recent matches, including scores, statistics, and key moments. These dashboards offer split-screen views with live match footage and tactical visualizations, helping coaches make quicker and more informed decisions during matches.
Comprehensive Performance Metrics
SAP Sports One tracks player fitness, training regimes, and match performance, compiling this data into actionable insights. This includes monitoring injury history, current health values, and potential injury hazards to prevent player injuries and optimize training plans.
Real-Time Data Integration
The platform integrates large amounts of data from various sources, including historical information and daily updated sensor data from training. This real-time integration is facilitated by the SAP Cloud Platform and SAP HANA, allowing for detailed evaluation and analysis of the data.
Talent Scouting with AI
SAP Sports One is introducing AI into the talent scouting process, working with clubs like FC Bayern and Hertha BSC. AI automates the summarization and analysis of talent search reports, enabling sports directors to access aggregated performance reports and player comparisons with a single click. This streamlines the decision-making process in recruitment.
Preventive Injury Management
By analyzing player health data and injury history, SAP Sports One helps clubs prevent injuries. For example, TSG Hoffenheim has reduced the number of injury days per season by more than 50% since the 2012/2013 season by using this platform.
Collaboration and Data Governance
The platform ensures that all relevant stakeholders, including coaches, physicians, and players, contribute to the data collection process. It also provides a well-governed data catalog, making it easy to find and trust the data, which is essential for making informed decisions.
Conclusion
In summary, SAP Sports One leverages AI and advanced analytics to streamline sports management, enhance match analysis, improve player performance, and optimize talent scouting. These features collectively provide a significant competitive advantage to football clubs and associations by integrating all essential sports operations into one comprehensive platform.
SAP Sports One - Performance and Accuracy
Performance of SAP Sports One
SAP Sports One is a comprehensive sports management platform that leverages advanced technologies, including AI and real-time analytics, to optimize sports performance. Here are some key aspects of its performance:Integrated Platform
SAP Sports One consolidates various sports operations into a single platform, including team management, training, scouting, match analysis, and player fitness monitoring. This integration allows teams to access a wide range of insights, enabling data-driven decisions that improve performance both on and off the field.Real-Time Analytics and AI
The platform utilizes AI-powered insights to generate personalized training plans, predict injuries, and analyze game footage in real time. This AI integration, particularly with AWS generative AI services, simplifies complex tactical analysis and enhances the efficiency of match analysts.Player Fitness and Health
SAP Sports One allows for the detailed monitoring of player fitness through diagnostic tests and physiotherapy sessions. It also tracks medical records and rehabilitation progress, ensuring athletes return to the field quickly and safely.Scouting and Recruitment
The platform streamlines the scouting process by automating the analysis of talent search reports. This AI-based solution provides sports directors with aggregated performance reports and player comparisons, speeding up the decision-making process.Team Operations and Communication
SAP Sports One unifies team operations in real time, facilitating seamless communication between coaches, players, and staff. It includes mobile applications that enhance collaboration and allow for the sharing of training plans, performance reports, and match analysis.Accuracy and Insights
Data-Driven Decisions
The platform’s analytics capabilities are built to provide accurate and actionable insights. By consolidating data from various sources, SAP Sports One helps teams identify areas for improvement, optimize training programs, and make informed decisions about resource allocation.AI-Powered Match Analysis
The integration with AWS allows for advanced match analysis, where AI processes video archives to provide detailed tactical insights. This approach makes complex analysis as simple as asking a natural language question, ensuring high accuracy in match analysis.Holistic Athlete Management
SAP Sports One goes beyond physical performance tracking by also monitoring mental well-being, nutrition, and sleep patterns. This holistic approach provides a 360° view of athlete health, ensuring overall well-being and optimizing performance.Limitations and Areas for Improvement
Technical Dependencies
While SAP Sports One is highly integrated with AWS for video processing and AI services, any technical issues with these services could impact the platform’s performance. Ensuring reliable and scalable performance is crucial.Data Quality
The accuracy of the insights provided by SAP Sports One is only as good as the data it processes. Ensuring high-quality, consistent data input is essential for deriving valuable insights. Any inconsistencies or gaps in data could lead to less accurate analysis.User Adoption
The effectiveness of SAP Sports One also depends on the adoption and usage by coaches, players, and staff. Training and support are necessary to ensure that all users can fully leverage the platform’s features and insights. In summary, SAP Sports One is a powerful tool that enhances sports performance through advanced analytics and AI. However, its effectiveness relies on reliable data, seamless technical integration, and user adoption. Addressing these areas can further optimize the platform’s performance and accuracy. SAP Sports One - Pricing and Plans
Pricing Structure of SAP Sports One
The available resources do not provide a detailed breakdown of specific pricing tiers, features, or free options. Here are some key points that can be gathered:No Free Trial or Freemium Version
SAP Sports One does not offer a free trial or a freemium version.Setup Fees
There is no setup fee mentioned for SAP Sports One.Pricing Inquiry
The pricing for SAP Sports One is not publicly disclosed, and interested parties are encouraged to contact the vendor directly for pricing information.General Features
While the pricing structure is not detailed, SAP Sports One offers a range of features including team management, training planning, player fitness, performance insights, scouting, and penalty insights. It also supports administrative, training, and medical processes, all built on the SAP HANA platform.Recommendation
Given the lack of specific pricing details, it is recommended to contact SAP or authorized resellers for accurate and up-to-date pricing information. This will ensure you get the most current and relevant details tailored to your needs. SAP Sports One - Integration and Compatibility
SAP Sports One Overview
SAP Sports One is a comprehensive sports management platform that integrates various data sources and tools to provide a unified solution for sports clubs and associations. Here’s how it achieves integration and ensures compatibility across different platforms and devices:
Integration with Various Data Sources
SAP Sports One integrates a wide range of data, including injury history, fitness values, match analyses, and real-time training data. This integration is facilitated by the SAP Cloud Platform, which is based on SAP HANA. The platform can handle large amounts of data, from historical information to daily updated sensor data, and evaluate it in detail.
Connectivity with External Systems
The platform leverages SAP Cloud Integration capabilities, although not directly mentioned in the context of SAP Sports One, it is a broader SAP capability that allows connecting SAP and non-SAP systems. This ensures that data from various external sources, such as Opta Sport Daten AG for post-match analysis, can be seamlessly integrated into the SAP Sports One platform.
Modules for Different Roles
SAP Sports One includes several modules that cater to different roles within a sports club, such as Team Manager, Training Planning, Player Fitness, Performance Insights, and Scouting. These modules ensure that all areas of the club are networked and that relevant data is accessible to the right personnel. For example, physiotherapists and medical staff can access all health data through the Player Fitness module, while coaches can manage training plans and match schedules through the Training Planning and Team Manager modules.
Cross-Device Compatibility
The platform is designed to provide direct access to user-relevant data across various devices. Using SAP’s Design Thinking methodology, SAP Sports One ensures a consistent user experience across different devices. It sends specific information needed directly to the user’s device and interface, making it accessible and usable on multiple platforms.
Real-Time Data Updates
SAP Sports One ensures that all data is combined in one tool, networked, and constantly updated in real time. This real-time update capability allows for efficient management of player data, training, and tactical content, as well as the analysis of potential players and past matches.
Conclusion
In summary, SAP Sports One achieves strong integration and compatibility by leveraging the SAP Cloud Platform, integrating diverse data sources, and providing modules that cater to various roles within a sports club. Its ability to update data in real time and ensure cross-device compatibility makes it a versatile and effective tool for sports management.
SAP Sports One - Customer Support and Resources
Customer Support Options for SAP Sports One
Customer Interaction Center (CIC)
SAP offers a 24/7 Customer Interaction Center (CIC) that serves as a central point of contact for all queries. This center is available 365 days a year and can assist with issues such as existing cases, S-user ID and Universal ID, and navigation within SAP for Me.
Real-Time Support Tools
Users can access real-time support tools through the SAP for Me portal. These tools include AI-powered services and support resources that are available whenever needed. This ensures that users can quickly resolve any issues they encounter.
Support Knowledge Search
The SAP Support Knowledge Search is a valuable resource where users can find solutions to common issues. If a solution is not found here, users can then contact the CIC for further assistance.
SAP Built-In Support
For users whose SAP solution is already supported, SAP Built-In Support is available. This integrated support can help address functionality issues directly within the SAP solution.
Training and Education
To help users get the most out of SAP Sports One, various training courses are available. For example, The Knowledge Academy offers a comprehensive SAP Sports One Training Course that covers modules such as team management, training, scouting, and match insights. This training provides hands-on experience and certification, enhancing the user’s proficiency in sports management software.
Additional Resources
SAP also provides communication channels and support resources through its support portal. Users can find detailed information on how to use SAP Sports One, including guides and FAQs, to ensure they are making the most of the platform’s features.
By leveraging these support options and resources, users of SAP Sports One can ensure they are well-equipped to manage their sports organizations efficiently and make data-driven decisions.
SAP Sports One - Pros and Cons
Advantages of SAP Sports One
SAP Sports One offers several significant advantages for sports clubs and associations:Integrated Data Management
SAP Sports One centralizes various types of data, including injury history, fitness values, match analyses, and real-time training data, into a single platform. This integration allows for comprehensive and real-time insights, enabling better decision-making in training control, scouting, and player management.Improved Performance and Injury Prevention
The platform helps in reducing injury days by analyzing individual player health and fitness data. For example, TSG Hoffenheim reduced injury days by over 50% since the 2012/2013 season using SAP Sports One.Enhanced Scouting
With the integration of AI, SAP Sports One automates the summarization and evaluation of scouting reports, making the scouting process more efficient and informed. This AI capability can process unstructured data in various languages and provide comparative analyses and transfer recommendations.Streamlined Operations
The platform streamlines team management, training, and administrative processes, allowing teams to focus more on their core activities. It facilitates better collaboration through intuitive mobile communication tools and ensures that all critical team and player data are accessible in real-time.Advanced Analytics and Match Analysis
SAP Sports One uses AI and real-time analytics to optimize match preparation and analysis. It combines live match footage with tactical visualizations, enabling analysts to ask natural language questions to simplify complex tactical analysis.Multi-Sport Compatibility
While initially developed for football, SAP Sports One is also suitable for other team sports such as ice hockey, basketball, handball, and rugby, making it a versatile solution for various sports organizations.Security and Compliance
The cloud-based environment ensures sensitive data is protected and compliant with regulations like GDPR, providing a secure and reliable platform for data management.Disadvantages of SAP Sports One
While SAP Sports One offers numerous benefits, there are some potential drawbacks to consider:Dependency on Data Input
The effectiveness of SAP Sports One relies heavily on the accurate and timely input of data from various stakeholders, including coaches, physicians, physiotherapists, and players. Inconsistent or incomplete data can compromise the quality of insights and decisions.Initial Implementation Challenges
Implementing a new system like SAP Sports One can be challenging, especially for organizations without prior experience with such comprehensive platforms. It may require significant time and resources to set up and integrate with existing systems.Cost
While the exact cost is not specified, implementing and maintaining a sophisticated platform like SAP Sports One can be expensive, which might be a barrier for smaller or less financially robust sports clubs and associations.Training and Adoption
There may be a learning curve for staff and players to adapt to the new system, which could temporarily disrupt operations. Training and support are essential to ensure smooth adoption and maximize the benefits of the platform. In summary, SAP Sports One offers substantial advantages in data management, performance optimization, and scouting, but it also requires careful data input, can be challenging to implement, and may involve significant costs. SAP Sports One - Comparison with Competitors
Unique Features of SAP Sports One
Comprehensive Data Integration
SAP Sports One stands out for its ability to connect diverse information such as injury history, fitness values, match analyses, and real-time training data. This integrated approach allows for detailed reports and valuable insights for training control, planning, and scouting.
AI-Powered Scouting
SAP has recently enhanced Sports One with AI capabilities, particularly in scouting. This includes automated summaries and evaluations of scouting reports, enabling faster and more informed transfer decisions. The AI component uses a large language model to process unstructured data, making it highly efficient for natural language processing.
Multi-Sport Compatibility
While initially developed for football, SAP Sports One is also being used for other team sports like ice hockey, basketball, and handball. This versatility makes it a strong option for various sports clubs and associations.
Real-Time Data Analysis
The platform leverages the SAP Cloud Platform and SAP HANA to integrate and evaluate large amounts of data, including historical information and daily updated sensor data from training sessions. This real-time analysis is crucial for immediate decision-making.
Potential Alternatives
Sportlogiq
Advanced AI and Computer Vision: Sportlogiq uses AI and computer vision to capture and analyze data from live events, enhancing performance, strategy, and scouting. It integrates with existing video feeds, making it useful for broadcasters and sports organizations. Unlike SAP Sports One, Sportlogiq has a strong focus on youth sports analytics.
Integration with Video Feeds: Sportlogiq’s ability to seamlessly integrate with video feeds sets it apart, providing detailed analytics directly from live events.
SciSports
Recruitment Analytics: SciSports specializes in recruitment analytics, match performance analysis, and opponent analysis. It serves the football industry with a focus on data-driven decision-making for player recruitment and team strategy. SciSports does not have the broad multi-sport compatibility of SAP Sports One but is highly specialized in football analytics.
Detailed Player and Team Analysis: SciSports offers in-depth analysis of player and team performance, which can be a valuable alternative for clubs focusing heavily on recruitment and opponent analysis.
Reel Analytics
AI-Powered Game Film Analysis: Reel Analytics provides AI-powered services that analyze game film to evaluate player performance. This is similar to SAP Sports One’s match analysis capabilities but is more focused on the detailed analysis of game footage. Reel Analytics is particularly useful for coaches looking to improve player performance through detailed game film reviews.
Player Evaluation: Reel Analytics specializes in player evaluation, offering a more granular approach to analyzing individual player performance.
MyGamePlan
Automation of Football Data Analysis: MyGamePlan automates football data analysis by combining various data sources into a centralized platform. This automation can simplify the data analysis process, though it may not offer the same level of AI-driven scouting reports as SAP Sports One.
Centralized Data Platform: MyGamePlan’s centralized platform makes it easier for coaches and analysts to access and analyze data from multiple sources.
In summary, while SAP Sports One offers a comprehensive and integrated solution for sports clubs, alternatives like Sportlogiq, SciSports, Reel Analytics, and MyGamePlan provide specialized features that might be more suitable depending on the specific needs of a club or association. Each of these alternatives excels in different areas, such as video feed integration, recruitment analytics, game film analysis, and automated data analysis.
SAP Sports One - Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some frequently asked questions about SAP Sports One, along with detailed responses:
What is SAP Sports One?
SAP Sports One is a cloud-based sports management solution developed specifically for the sports industry. It is designed to optimize the performance and operations of sports teams and organizations by integrating various aspects such as team management, training, scouting, match analysis, and player fitness monitoring.
Which sports does SAP Sports One support?
Initially developed for football, SAP Sports One is also being expanded to support other team sports like basketball, handball, ice hockey, and rugby. The solution is versatile and can be adapted to similar team sports due to the commonalities in areas such as player fitness, injuries, scouting, and tactical concepts.
What data does SAP Sports One integrate?
SAP Sports One integrates a wide range of data, including injury history, fitness values, match analyses, real-time training data, and health findings. It also incorporates data from external sources like Opta Sport Daten AG for post-match analysis. This comprehensive data integration helps in making informed decisions regarding training, scouting, and player management.
How does SAP Sports One improve team management and performance?
SAP Sports One streamlines team organization by consolidating all essential sports operations into one platform. It provides real-time insights and analytics, allowing teams to assess performance data, manage player health, and optimize training plans. This integration helps in reducing injury days, improving collaboration, and enhancing overall team performance.
What are the key modules of SAP Sports One?
The solution includes several modules:
- Team Manager: Provides general management information, scouting overviews, and match and training schedules.
- Training Planning: Facilitates efficient planning, execution, and follow-up of training sessions.
- Player Fitness: Centralizes health data for physiotherapists and medical staff to work on players’ fitness.
- Performance Insights: Enables targeted preparation for opponents, quick evaluation of game and training situations, and adaptation of winning strategies.
- Scouting: Helps in finding talent faster through player profiles and game analyses.
How does SAP Sports One use AI and analytics?
SAP Sports One leverages AI and analytics, particularly through its integration with AWS services, to enhance match analysis. This includes using generative AI to simplify tactical analysis, allowing analysts to interact with video archives more efficiently and gain deeper insights into match data.
What are the benefits of using SAP Sports One?
The benefits include improved data visualization, a cloud-based environment for secure data management, and intuitive tools for real-time insights. It also helps in reducing the time spent on data search and processing, allowing teams to focus more on their core activities. Additionally, it provides a competitive advantage by enabling data-driven decisions.
Which teams and organizations are using SAP Sports One?
SAP Sports One is used by several prominent football clubs and associations, including TSG Hoffenheim, FC Bayern Munich, the German national team, SV Werder Bremen, VfL Wolfsburg, and the Slovakian national team. Many professional football clubs in Germany’s top leagues also rely on this solution.
How is data security and compliance handled in SAP Sports One?
SAP Sports One operates within a cloud-based environment provided by the SAP Cloud Platform, ensuring the protection of sensitive data and compliance with regulations such as GDPR. The integrated cloud solution landscape maintains data security and integrity.
Can SAP Sports One be customized for specific team needs?
Yes, SAP Sports One is designed to be flexible and can be customized to meet the specific needs of different teams. The solution integrates various data sources and can be adapted to fit the unique requirements of each team or organization.
SAP Sports One - Conclusion and Recommendation
Final Assessment of SAP Sports One
SAP Sports One is a comprehensive sports management platform that integrates various aspects of team and player management, making it a valuable tool in the sports analytics and AI-driven product category.
Key Benefits
- Integrated Data Management: SAP Sports One connects diverse information such as injury history, fitness values, match analyses, and real-time training data into a single, unified platform. This allows for detailed reports and insightful conclusions for training control, scouting, and player health management.
- Real-Time Analytics: The platform, powered by SAP HANA and the SAP Cloud Platform, provides real-time analytics and data visualization, enabling teams to make informed decisions quickly. This includes integrating data from external sources like Opta Sport Daten AG for post-match analysis.
- AI Integration: SAP Sports One is now incorporating AI to streamline talent scouting and recruitment processes. This AI-powered solution automates the analysis of recruitment reports, allowing sports directors to access aggregated performance reports and player comparisons with a single click.
- Health and Injury Prevention: The platform helps in preventing player injuries by analyzing individual health values and potential injury hazards. For example, TSG Hoffenheim reduced injury days by over 50% since the 2012/2013 season using SAP Sports One.
- Fan Engagement and Customer Management: Beyond team performance, SAP Sports One also provides tools for customer engagement and marketing, offering a 360-degree view of fans to personalize their experiences and increase loyalty.
Who Would Benefit Most
- Professional Sports Clubs and Associations: Teams in various sports, such as football, ice hockey, basketball, handball, and rugby, can significantly benefit from SAP Sports One. It helps in managing critical processes like training, scouting, medical data, and team communication.
- Coaches and Trainers: The platform provides coaches with real-time insights into player performance, health, and fitness, allowing for better training plans and match preparations.
- Medical and Support Staff: Physicians and physiotherapists can use SAP Sports One to record health findings and diagnoses, contributing to a comprehensive view of player health.
Overall Recommendation
SAP Sports One is highly recommended for any professional sports organization looking to optimize their operations, improve team performance, and enhance player well-being. Its ability to integrate diverse data sources, provide real-time analytics, and incorporate AI for talent scouting makes it a valuable asset. The platform’s user-friendly interface and mobile app capabilities ensure that all stakeholders, from coaches to medical staff, can access and contribute to the data seamlessly.
By adopting SAP Sports One, sports clubs can gain a competitive edge through better decision-making, reduced injury rates, and improved fan engagement. The success stories from clubs like FC Bayern, TSG Hoffenheim, and the German national team further validate its effectiveness.